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The Charpy impact test, also known impact test as the Charpy V-notch test, is a standardized high strain-rate test which determines the amount of energy absorbed by a material during fracture. This absorbed energy is a measure of a given material's notch toughness and acts as a tool to study temperature-dependent ductile-brittle transition. It is widely applied in industry, since it is easy to prepare and conduct and results can be obtained quickly and cheaply. A disadvantage is that some results are only comparative.〔 〕 The test was developed around 1900 by S. B. Russell (1898, American) and G. Charpy (1901, French). 〔Siewert〕 The test became known as the Charpy test in the early 1900s due to the technical contributions and standardization efforts by Georges Charpy. The test was pivotal in understanding the fracture problems of ships during WWII.〔 Today it is utilized in many industries for testing materials, for example the construction of pressure vessels and bridges to determine how storms will affect the materials used. ==History== In 1896 S. B. Russell introduced the idea of residual fracture energy and devised a pendulum fracture test. Russell's initial tests measured un-notched samples. In 1897 Frémont introduced a test trying to measure the same phenomenon using a spring-loaded machine. In 1901 Georges Charpy proposed a standardized method improving Russell's by introducing a redesigned pendulum, notched sample and generally giving precise specifications. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Charpy impact test」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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